What are your rights and obligations as a self-employed person?

As a self-employed individual, it ’s essential to understand your rights and obligations to operate legally in Belgium. Unlike employees, you have a distinct legal status that entails certain responsibilities—but it also grants you access to tailored social protections. These obligations, including the payment of social contributions, are crucial to securing the social rights guaranteed under Belgium’s self-employment legislation. 

Discover everything you need to know about your rights and obligations as a self-employed professional, including administrative formalities and the social benefits available to you. 

What are your obligations as a self-employed person?  

If you’re self-employed, your social status differs from that of employees. Under this status, you have four key obligations: 

  1. Affiliation with a Social Insurance Fund: Whether you are self-employed as your primary or secondary occupation, you must register with a recognized social insurance fund. This ensures your social coverage, including health insurance and other essential rights. 
  2. Registration with the Crossroads Bank for Enterprises (CBE): All self-employed activities must be registered with the CBE. This mandatory step is necessary to start your business legally in Belgium. 
  3. Quarterly Payment of Social Contributions: Every quarter, you are required to pay social contributions. These contributions, calculated based on your income, are essential for funding your social rights. 
  4. VAT Registration (if applicable): 
    If your activity is subject to VAT, you must activate your VAT number. Find all the necessary information on activating your VAT number here. 

Why do you need to pay social contributions?  

You pay your social security contributions directly to your social insurance fund, which then forwards them to the National Institute for the Social Security of the Self-employed (NISSE). 

The NISSE uses these contributions from self-employed individuals to finance benefits under the general system. This includes reimbursements for: 

  • medical care 
  • compensation for industrial accidents 
  • family benefits 
  • pensions 

What are your rights as a self-employed person? 

In exchange for paying your social security contributions quarterly, you will receive certain rights. These rights provide basic social protection for you and your family. 

Pension

At the end of your career, you will receive a pension. Most likely, this pension will not be very high. That's why you are recommended to also build up a supplementary pension so that you can maintain your standard of living in retirement. 

Parental leave

Are you a self-employed new mum? Then you will be paid a maternity allowance during your maternity leave. You are also entitled to 105 free service vouchers after the birth of your child. Fathers and co-parents get paternity and birth benefits respectively after the birth of the child. 

Bridging allowance

A bridging allowance helps you to retain certain social security rights and receive temporary compensation for up to 12 months if you have to interrupt or stop your self-employment activity due to economic difficulties. 

Incapacity for work

This insurance guarantees, under certain conditions, a replacement income if you have to stop working (temporarily) due to illness or an accident. 

Healthcare

Thanks to your social status, you can count on financial support from your health insurance fund if you need healthcare. 

Informal care

You can interrupt all or part (at least 50%) of your self-employed activity to care for a child who has a severe disability, a relative who is seriously ill, or a relative who is dying. 

Bereavement support payment

You can temporarily interrupt your self-employed activity in the event of a family member's death. 

Family allowances

You receive monthly child benefits for all your children. The amount of child benefits is the same for all social statuses entitled to it (self-employed people, employees, civil servants). 

Being self-employed means following certain rules, but it also grants you access to valuable social protections. Paying social contributions is essential for securing these benefits, such as pensions, maternity leave, incapacity benefits, or bereavement allowances. It’s crucial to fully understand your obligations and register for these social rights to take full advantage of the protections available to self-employed individuals. 

Administrative Formalities: Where to Start? 
 

If you plan to become self-employed as your main occupation, there are several administrative steps you must take to comply with Belgian legislation: 

1.

Registration with the CBE

Register your company with the Crossroads Bank for Enterprises (CBE). You will then be assigned a company number. This unique number identifies your company to all official governing bodies. 

2.

Activate your VAT number

Register your company number as a VAT number with the FPS Finance. We’re also happy to help you with this, of course! 

3.

Apply for permits

You will need one or more licences or permits for some activities, and you will need to apply for these yourself. Examples include Unisono, FASFC, … 

4.

Affiliate to a social insurance fund

Affiliate to a social insurance fund for administering your social security contributions. These contributions ensure your social security, such as pension and health insurance. 

5.

Take out insurance

Entrepreneurship is about taking risks. So it’s recommended to protect yourself by taking out the right insurance policies. 

Still have some questions?

No worries: we've put together an overview of all your rights as a self-employed person, including information on the entities you can turn to for more information. 

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